Methana Magmatic Observational Experiment (MeMaX)

by Jan-Phillip Föst

Volcanoes without real-time instrumental monitoring may exhibit undetected signs of internal activity. The Methana Magmatic Observational Experiment (MeMaX) investigates seismic processes on the Methana Peninsula to detect hidden magmatic movements at an early stage. 

The Methana Peninsula in the western Saronic Gulf – part of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc. © Jan-Phillip Föst, 2024

The last eruption there occurred 2255 years ago. Since 2019, six seismic stations operated by the National Observatory of Athens and the University of Patras have been recording seismic activity in the Methana region. In March 2024, additional 15 mobile seismometers were installed as part of the MULTI-MAREX project to obtain high-resolution seismic data.

The high-resolution seismic dataset recorded with this dense monitoring network will provide a detailed picture of the internal structure of the Methana volcano and the submarine Pausanias Volcanic Field to the north. Particularly relevant is the detection of seismic events, which may be associated with fluid movements or magmatic processes in the subsurface.

This research is not only of academic significance but also has important implications for hazard assessment. Methana is located approximately 40 kilometers from Athens, in historical times the last eruption occurred around 230 BCE. Any renewed magmatic activity in this region could potentially affect not only the local population but also the Greek capital with its dense infrastructure.

Installation of instruments of the in spring 2024: (a) cemented foundation for coupling the seismometer to the ground, (b) seismometer packed into protective bags, (c) thermal insulation, (d) equipment box, (e) two separate pits for data acquisition and seismometer, (f) final setup of recording station MM09 with a solar panel and a warning sign at the GPS post. © Jan-Phillip Föst, 2024

Integration into risk prevention and future perspectives

The study of Methana and the Pausanias Volcanic Field not only provides valuable scientific insights into magmatic processes but also contributes to the hazard assessment of this geodynamically active region. In a Mediterranean region exposed to maritime hazards, reliable early warning systems and comprehensive hazard management are essential to protect coastal communities, critical infrastructure, and shipping routes.

As part of MULTI-MAREX, research outcomes are shared with decision-makers from science, policy, and disaster management. The high-resolution seismic data can help to enhance existing monitoring systems and identify potential hazards from volcanic activity or seismically induced tsunamis at an early stage.

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About the publication:

Föst J.-P., Ritter J.R.R., Evangelidis C.P., Sokos E., Richter N., Reicherter K.R. (2024). Methana Magmatic Observational Experiment (MeMaX) – seismological monitoring of magmatic and tectonic activity in the western Saronic Gulf region, Greece. Annals of Geophysics, 68. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9155

Föst J.-P., Richter N., Ritter J. (2024). Methana Magmatic Observational Experiment (MeMaX). GFZ Data Services. Dataset/Seismic Network. https://doi.org/10.14470/6N477343